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Topic: William Wallace
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Grade: 8e
Realschule Tiengen
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Timeline of William Wallace
Ca. 1270 Born near Paisley, Renfrew, Scotland. William Wallace was the son of a Scottish farmer.
1296 England’s King Edward I. forced the Scottish King John de Balliol to leave the throne, jailed him, and makes himself to a ruler of Scotland. In May Wallace and some 30 other men destroyed the Scottish town of Lanark and killed the English sheriff there. After that Wallace organised a local army and attacked the English strongholds1 between the Forth and Tay rivers.
1296 The first Scottish War of Independence started
1297 Wallace added the English troops a crushing defeat 2and haunted them out of Scotland in the north of England.
1298 William Wallace defeated at Falkirk.
After that Wallace become the ``Guardian of Scotland´´.
August the 5th1305 John de Metheith, a Scottish Knight loyal to Edward I., betrayed3 William Wallace and captured him.
August the 23th1305 William Wallace had to run naked through the streets of London, where almost hanged, and his entrails4 were taken out from him and burned before his eyes. Then he was quartered.
1306 Robert I. (Robert the Bruce) became King of Scotland
1328 The first Scottish War of Independence ends
1332 The second Scottish War of Independence starts
1356 William Wallace became one of the greatest hero’s in Scotland
1357 The second Scottish War of Independence ends
2. The Fights of William Wallace
His first fight against the English troopswas between Ellerslie and Elderslie. He won this Fight.
At the
Battle of StirlingBridge
was a battle of the
First War of Scottish Independence. On 11 September 1297, the forces of
Andrew Moray
and
William Wallace
defeated the combined English forces of
John de Warennr, 6th Earl of Surrey, and
Hugh de Cressinghamnear Stirling, on the
River Forth.
After that they haunted them fromScotlandtothe North of England.
Hewas defeated on 22July 1298byEdwardat the Battle ofFalkirkasSir JohndeMenteith should have betrayed him.
Battle of Falkirk
3.The Scottish War of Independence
The Scottish Wars of Independence was from 1296 to 1357. In this time, the kings of England wanted to attack the kingdom of Scotland, and make it to their land. Because they are near Scotland and the continuing rivalry with England also played an important role in the Kingdom of France in the conflict of the 100 years war.
The Scottish Wars of Independence was one of the factors to the outbreak of the Hundred Years War between England and France.
Typically, a distinction between the First Scottish War of Independence (1296 - 1328), which ended with the Treaty of Edinburgh, and Northampton, and the Second Scottish War of Independence (1332 - 1357) of the Treaty of Berwick came to an end.
4. Scotland before William Wallace
At the end of the ninth century the kingdoms occupied the territory of modern Scotland. By the tenth and eleventh centuries, northern Great Britain was dominated by Gaelic culture, known in Latin as either Albania or Scotia, and in English as "Scotland".
Dunnotar Castle was one of the best defensive locations in Great Britain. The castle was built in the High Middle Ages, and the castle dates to the thirteenth century.
The High Middle Ages of Scotland was between the death of Domnal II in 900 and the death of King Alexander III in 1286, which was an indirect cause of the Scottish Wars of Independence.
5. Scottland after William Wallace
Robert I. (Robert The Bruce) become king of Scotland in 1306 one year later Edward I. dies. Scotland gained its independence some 50 years after William Wallace’s execution, and Wallace has since been remembered as one of Scotland’s greatest heroes.
Ab 1371 stammten die schottischen Könige aus dem Hause Stewart, 1385 stand erstmals ein französisches Heer im Land. König Jakob I., bzw. James I., 1406 bis 1424 in englischer Gefangenschaft, verfocht eine Politik, die sich gegen die große Eigenständigkeit der lokalen Herrschaften insbesondere in den Highlands und auf den westlichen Inseln richtete.
Maria Stuart versuchte von Frankreich aus den Thron zu gewinnen, doch scheiterte sie und wurde 1587 in Londonhingerichtet. Ihr Sohn James VI. wurde 1603 König von England. Er herrschte in England und in Schottland in Personalunion, doch behielten die Länder ein eigenes Parlament.
Verwaltungs- und Rechtswesen sowie Nationalkirche, Schottland war seit 1560 calvinistisch, blieben ebenfalls in eigener Hoheit.
Foto: Sally Stimson dpa
Am 18. September 2014 stimmen die Schotten über eine mögliche Abspaltung von Großbritannien ab. Ministerpräsident Alex Salmond verkündete den Termin für das Referendum gestern in Edinburgh. "Soll Schottland eine unabhängige Nation werden?" - diese einfache Frage wird dann über die Auflösung der 300 Jahre alten und ebenso lange umstrittenen Union von England und Schottland entscheiden.
Born 17/18 June 1239
Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307(1307-07-07) (aged 68)
Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
BurialWestminster Abbey, London, England
Religion Roman Catholic
Parents Father: Henry III of England
Mother : Eleanor of Provence
Henry III of England Eleanor of Provence
7. Tributes for William Wallace
The Wallace Monument is a 67-meter-high tower, which was built in 1869 in Stirling. There is also the sword to see, wich he should have used. According to legend, he killed 50 mounted Soldier one by one. In Elderslie is a Monument, too. . It is 37 feet high and the base is 20 feet above street level
8. Why I choosed this topic
I choosed this topic, because I often heard the name of William Wallace in computer games such as ‘Age of Empires 2’ and I wanted to know more about him.
I like him because he was a great hero, who fought for his country and paid that with his life.
1 stronghold = Festung
2 crushing defeat = Vernichtende Niederlage
3 to betray = betrügen
4entrails = Eingeweide